The timeline of disability rights in the United States is marked by significant legal and social milestones that have shaped the recognition and protection of the rights of individuals with disabilities. Here is a chronological overview:
Table of Contents
Toggle1920s-1930s: Eugenics Movement
- The eugenics movement gains prominence, advocating for selective breeding to eliminate perceived disabilities. This movement contributes to the stigmatization of people with disabilities.
1945-1950s: Post-World War II Rehabilitation
- The rehabilitation of veterans with disabilities after World War II draws attention to the needs of individuals with physical impairments. The U.S. government initiates rehabilitation programs for disabled veterans.
1960s: Civil Rights Movement Influence
- The broader Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s influences the disability rights movement. Activists begin advocating for equal rights, nondiscrimination, and accessibility.
1973: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is enacted, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities receiving federal funds. It is a significant early legislative step for disability rights.
1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act
- The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (later renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA) is passed, requiring public schools to provide a free and appropriate education to students with disabilities.
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is signed into law. It prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
1999: Olmstead v. L.C.
- The U.S. Supreme Court’s Olmstead v. L.C. decision establishes that unjustified segregation of individuals with disabilities constitutes discrimination under the ADA. States are required to provide community-based services rather than institutionalizing individuals when appropriate.
2008: ADA Amendments Act
- The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 is enacted, broadening the definition of disability and providing stronger protection against discrimination for a wider range of individuals.
2010: 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)
- The 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) is signed into law, focusing on ensuring that individuals with disabilities have access to modern communication technologies.
2014: Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)
- The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) is signed into law, aiming to improve access to employment, education, and support services for individuals with disabilities.
2020: 30th Anniversary of the ADA
- The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) celebrates its 30th anniversary, marking three decades of progress in advancing the rights and inclusion of individuals with disabilities.
This timeline reflects key legislative and legal developments, as well as societal shifts, in the recognition and protection of disability rights in the United States.